How much is $31 trillion? Written out, that comes to 31,000,000,000,000, or 31 × 1012. A mere one percent of that is $310 billion, which was the federal deficit alone in 2019.
For more, see: https://the-pipeline.org/the-column-repeal-the-16th-amendment
The article blames it on Modern Monetary Theory but no one ever looks at modern economics which bases growth on demand. It’s Keynesian theory with its underlying premise that growth occurs because of the demand side. It comes from Y=C+I+G and without that there’s nothing left.
Law of Markets 
$31T of wealth transfer by crooks to crooks. Same here but smaller numbers.
It’s all being monitored on Blockchain by the good guys and has been for some years. Interesting couple of years coming up.